The impact of ‘unofficial trauma’ on a Major Trauma Centre: A service evaluation of accident and emergency department trauma team activations

Introduction: Trauma remains a leading cause of death worldwide. In the UK, data for trauma patients are prospectively collected locally and collated by the Trauma Audit and Research Network. This study assesses and describes the subgroup of patients who triggered a trauma call but who subsequently did not meet criteria for Trauma Audit and Research Network. Methods: A single centre, retrospective observational study of trauma calls between 1 June 2012 and 31 August 2018 was performed, determining which trauma calls had been submitted to Trauma Audit and Research Network by cross referencing with the submission database. Data were tested for normality (Shapiro–Wilk test) and appropriate statistical tests employed to determine differences between inclusion and non-inclusion groups. For categorical data, we used Chi-squared tests to examine for differences. Results: There were 6529 trauma calls and over half (3837 (58.8%)) were not registered on Trauma Audit and Research Network. Patients excluded were significantly younger (mean 42.4 years SD 19.2) than those who met inclusion criteria (mean 50.3 years, SD 21.8), p ' 0.001 and were significantly more likely to suffer from penetrating trauma (18.6% versus 8.2%, p ' 0.001), the majority (77.8%, 553/713) caused by stabbings. Patients excluded were less likely to be involved in a road traffic accident (31.1% versus 35.3%, p ' 0.001), less likely to have fallen downstairs (15.2% versus 18.7%, p ' 0.001) and less likely to have fallen from a height ' 2 m (8.1% versus 12.7%, p ' 0.001). Discussion: Patients who trigger a trauma call but who subsequently do not meet the criteria for Trauma Audit and Research Network inclusion place a significant burden on healthcare provision. To our knowledge this is the first investigation to specifically explore this group of at-risk patients.