Systematic Review

A systematic review is a rigorous method for synthesising research evidence to answer a well-defined question. It follows explicit protocols for identifying, selecting, appraising, and analysing relevant studies, ensuring transparency and minimising bias. Unlike narrative reviews, which offer broad overviews, systematic reviews employ reproducible methodologies to generate high-quality evidence, resolve ambiguities, and identify knowledge gaps for future research. Beyond synthesising data, systematic reviews play a crucial role in maintaining scientific rigour. By consolidating findings across educational research and public policy, they provide a comprehensive understanding of complex topics. Their structured approach helps address inconsistencies arising from variations in study methodologies or sample populations, ensuring reliable conclusions.

To enhance validity and minimise bias, systematic reviews adhere to predefined inclusion criteria, standardised data extraction processes, and quality assessment tools. Compliance with established guidelines like the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement ensures consistency and reproducibility (Page et al., 2021). In educational research, systematic reviews are considered a strong form of evidence, synthesising findings to guide effective practice and policy. Additionally, by reconciling conflicting results through robust synthesis methods, they provide actionable insights for shaping educational interventions and research priorities.