Student nurses’ experiences of restraint − a qualitative study

Background/Aims
Restraint is a complex issue that is associated with multiple legal and ethical challenges. National scandals have highlighted a lack of adequate training among healthcare staff in restraint. While education should start with nurses in training, evidence suggests that the experiences of student nurses in relation to restraint has not been addressed. This study aimed to explore the lived experiences of student nurses when encountering restraint.

Methods
A qualitative methodology was used to investigate student nurse experiences of restraint. Seven semi-structured interviews were undertaken with student nurses in their second (n=3) and third year (n=4) of an undergraduate nursing degree, with a specialism in mental health nursing. Data were analysed using a thematic analysis approach.

Results
Three overarching themes were identified from the data: a ‘clinical–theory gap’, referring to a gap in students’ theoretical learning and clinical placements; ‘learning from each other’, where students felt a need for increased shared learning surrounding restraint; ‘wellbeing’, highlighting a lack of sufficient supportive and timely interventions to appropriately aid student wellbeing after witnessing restraint.

Conclusions
These findings highlight the need for improved communication between higher education institutions and clinical practice in relation to restraint. Opportunities for debriefs within higher education learning environments should be considered in order to improve student nurses’ wellbeing and experiences of their nursing degree programme.