Abstract
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 165-172 |
| Journal | Therapeutic Advances in Drug Safety |
| Volume | 7 |
| Issue number | 4 |
| Early online date | 4 Apr 2016 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 1 Aug 2016 |
Keywords
- nonmedical prescribing
- training programme
- history
- impact
- influences
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In: Therapeutic Advances in Drug Safety, Vol. 7, No. 4, 01.08.2016, p. 165-172.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article (journal) › peer-review
TY - JOUR
T1 - Nonmedical prescribing: where are we now?
AU - Cope, Louise
AU - Abuzour, Aseel
AU - Tully, Mary
N1 - References American Pharmacists Association (APA) (2014) A tale of two countries: The path to pharmacist prescribing in the United Kingdom and Canada. Available at: http://www.pharmacist.com/tale-twocountries- path-pharmacist-prescribing-unitedkingdom- and-canada (accessed 25 November 2015). Ashcroft, D., Lewis, P., Tully, M., Farrangher, T., Taylor, D., Wass, V. et al. (2015) Prevalence, nature, severity and risk Factors for prescribing errors in hospital inpatients: Prospective study in 20 UK hospitals. Drug Saf 39: 833–843. Baqir, W., Crehan, O., Murray, R., Campbell, D. and Copeland, R. (2014) Pharmacist prescribing within a UK NHS hospital trust: nature and extent of prescribing, and prevalence of errors. Eur J Hosp Pharm 22: 79–82. Boreham, N., Coull, A., Murray, I., Turner-Halliday, F. and Watterson, A. (2013) Education programmes preparing independent prescribers in Scotland: An evaluation. Nurse Educ Today 33: 321–326. 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J Psychiatr Mental Health Nurs 20: 35–40. Drug and Therapeutics Bulletin (2006) Non-medical prescribing. Drug Ther Bull 44: 33–37. Fittock, A. (2010) Non-medical prescribing by nurses, optometrists, pharmacists, physiotherapists, podiatrists and radiographers. Available at: http:// www.prescribingforsuccess.co.uk/document_uploads/ ahp-publishedwork/NMP_QuickGuide.pdf (accessed 18 December 2015). George, J., McCaig, D., Bond, C., Cunningham, I., Diack, H. and Stewart, D. (2007) Benefits and challenges of prescribing training and implementation: perceptions and early experience of RPSGB prescribers. Int J Pharm Pract 15: 23–30. Goswell, N. and Siefers, R. (2009) Experiences of ward-based nurse prescribers in an acute ward setting. Br J Nurs 18: 34–37. Green, A., Westwood, O., Smith, P., Peniston-Bird, F. and Holloway, D. (2009) Provision of continued professional development for non-medical prescribers within a South of England Strategic Health Authority: a report on a training needs analysis. J Nurs Manage 17: 603–614. Gumber, R., Khoosal, D. and Gajebasia, N. (2012) Non-medical prescribing: audit, practice and views. J Psychiatr Mental Health Nurs 19: 475–481. Hacking, S. and Taylor, J. (2010) An evaluation of the scope and practice of Non-Medical Prescribing in the North West for NHS North West. Available at: https://www.hecooperative.co.uk/sites/default/ files/attachments/pages/hacking.pdf (accessed 18 December 2015). Hale, A., Coombes, I., Stokes, J., Aitken, S., Clark, F. and Nissen, L. (2015) Patient satisfaction from two studies of collaborative doctor – pharmacist prescribing in Australia. Health Expect, in press. Hurst, H. and Marks-Maran, D. (2011) Using a virtual patient activity to teach nurse prescribing. Nurse Educ Pract 11: 192–198. i5 Health (2015) Non-medical prescribing - an economic evaluation. Health Education North West. Kroezen, M., Van Dijk, L., Groenewegwn, P. and Francke, A. (2011) Nurse prescribing of medicines in Western European and Anglo-Saxon countries: a systematic review of the literature. BMC Health Serv Res 11: 127. Latter, S., Blenkinsopp, A., Smith, A., Chapman, S., Tinelli, M., Gerrard, K. et al. (2010) Evaluation of nurse and pharmacist independent prescribing. London: Department of Health. Latter, S., Maben, J., Myall, M., Courtenay, M., Young, A. and Dunn, N. (2005) An evaluation of extended formulary independent nurse prescribing: Executive summary of final report. Available at: http:// eprints.soton.ac.uk/17584/ (accessed 18 December 2015). Latter, S., Smith, A., Blenkinsopp, A., Nicholls, P., Little, P. and Chapman, S. (2012) Are nurse and pharmacist independent prescribers making clinically appropriate prescribing decisions? An analysis of consultations. J Health Serv Res Policy 17: 149–156. Downloaded from taw.sagepub.com by guest on May 2, 2016 Therapeutic Advances in Drug Safety 8 http://taw.sagepub.com Lewis, P., Ashcroft, D., Dornan, T., Taylor, D., Wass, V. and Tully, M. (2014) Exploring the causes of junior doctors’ prescribing mistakes: a qualitative study. Br J Clin Pharmacol 78: 310–319. Lewis, P., Dornan, T., Taylor, D., Tully, M., Wass, V. and Ashcroft, D. (2009) Prevalence incidence and nature of prescribing errors in hospital inpatients. Drug Saf 32: 379–389. Meade, O., Bowskill, D. and Lymn, J. (2011) Pharmacology podcasts: a qualitative study of nonmedical prescribing students’ use, perceptions and impact on learning. BMC Med Educ 11: 2. Medicines Control Agency (MCA) (2002) Proposals for supplementary prescribing by nurses and pharmacists and proposed amendments to the Prescription Only Medicines (Human Use) Order 1997. MLX 284. London: Medicines Control Agency. Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) (2005) Consultation on proposals to introduce independent prescribing by pharmacists. MLX 321. London: Medicines and Health products Regulatory Agency. National Health Service (NHS) England (2016) Allied Health Professions Medicines Project. London: Available at: https://www.england.nhs.uk/ourwork/ qual-clin-lead/ahp-2/ (accessed 2 March 2016). National Prescribing Centre (NPC) (2012) A single competency framework for all prescribers. Available at: http://med.mahidol.ac.th/nursing/sites/default/files/ public/knowledge/doc/3.pdf. (accessed 18 December 2015). National Prescribing Centre (NPC) PLUS (2005) Training non-medical prescribers in practice - A guide to help doctors prepare for and carry out the role of designated medical practitioner. Available at: http:// www2.uwe.ac.uk/services/Marketing/what-can-istudy/ Professionaldevelopment/Designated_medical_ practitioners_guide.pdf (accessed 18 December 2015). Naughton, C., Drennan, J., Hyde, A., Allen, D., O’Boyle, K., Felle, P. et al. (2013) An evaluation of the appropriateness and safety of nurse and midwife prescribing in Ireland. J Adv Nurs 69: 1478–1488. Parliamentary Council Office (PCO) (2013) Medicines (Designated Pharmacist Prescribers) Regulations 2013. New Zealand Government. Available at: http://legislation.co.nz/regulation/ public/2013/0237/latest/DLM5229304.html (accessed 25 November 2015). Ross, J. and Kettles, A. (2012) Mental health nurse independent prescribing: what are nurse prescribers’ views of the barriers to implementation? J Psychiatr Mental Health Nurs 19: 916–932. Royal Pharmaceutical Society (RPS) (2015) RPS managing update of the single competency framework for all prescribers. Available: http://www.rpharms. com/what-s-happening-/news_show.asp?id=2666 (accessed 29 February 2016). Simmons School of Nursing and Health Sciences (SSNHS) (2015) Where can nurse practitioners work without physician supervision? Available at: https:// onlinenursing.simmons.edu/nursing-blog/nursepractitioners- scope-of-practice-map/ (accessed 25 November 2015). Scrafton, J., McKinnon, J. and Kane, R. (2012) Exploring nurses’ experiences of prescribing in secondary care: informing future education and practice. J Clin Nurs 21: 2044–2053. Greenberg, S. (2010) Nurse practitioners: The evolution and future of advanced practice. London: Springer. Stenner, K., Courtenay, M. and Carey, N. (2011) Consultations between nurse prescribers and patients with diabetes in primary care: A qualitative study of patient views. Int J Nurs Stud 48: 37–46. Stewart, D., George, J., Bond, C., Cunningham, I., Diack, H. and McCaig, D. (2008) Exploring patients’ perspectives of pharmacist supplementary prescribing in Scotland. Pharm World Sci 30: 892–897. Stewart, D., George, J., Bond, C., Diack, L., McCaig, D. and Cunningham, S. (2009) Views of pharmacist prescribers, doctors and patients on pharmacist prescribing implementation. Int J Pharm Pract 17(2): 89–94. Stewart, D., MacLure, K., Paudyal, V., Hughes, C., Courtenay, M. and McLay, J. (2013) Non-medical prescribers and pharmacovigilance: participation, competence and future needs. Int J Clin Pharm 35: 268–274. United States Department of Veterans Affairs (USDVA) (2015) Veterans Health Administration. Available at: http://www.va.gov/health/aboutVHA.asp (accessed 25 November 2015). Veterans Health Administration (VHA) (1995) General guidelines for establishing medication prescribing authority for clinical nurse specialists, nurse practitioners, clinical pharmacy specialists, and physician assistants (VHA directive 10-95-019). Washington, DC: Department of Veterans Affairs. Watterson, A., Turner, F., Coull, A. and Murray, I. (2009) An Evaluation of the Expansion of Nurse Prescribing in Scotland (Final Report). Edinburgh: Scottish Government in Social Research.
PY - 2016/8/1
Y1 - 2016/8/1
N2 - Nonmedical prescribing has been allowed in the United Kingdom (UK) since 1992. Its development over the past 24 years has been marked by changes in legislation, enabling the progression towards independent prescribing for nurses, pharmacists and a range of allied health professionals. Although the UK has led the way regarding the introduction of nonmedical prescribing, it is now seen in a number of other Western-European and Anglophone countries although the models of application vary widely between countries. The programme of study to become a nonmedical prescriber (NMP) within the UK is rigorous, and involves a combination of taught curricula and practice-based learning. Prescribing is a complex skill that is high risk and error prone, with many influencing factors. Literature reports regarding the impact of nonmedical prescribing are sparse, with the majority of prescribing research tending to focus instead on prescribing by doctors. The impact of nonmedical prescribing however is important to evaluate, and can be carried out from several perspectives. This review takes a brief look back at the history of nonmedical prescribing, and compares this with the international situation. It also describes the processes required to qualify as a NMP in the UK, potential influences on nonmedical prescribing and the impact of nonmedical prescribing on patient opinions and outcomes and the opinions of doctors and other healthcare professionals.
AB - Nonmedical prescribing has been allowed in the United Kingdom (UK) since 1992. Its development over the past 24 years has been marked by changes in legislation, enabling the progression towards independent prescribing for nurses, pharmacists and a range of allied health professionals. Although the UK has led the way regarding the introduction of nonmedical prescribing, it is now seen in a number of other Western-European and Anglophone countries although the models of application vary widely between countries. The programme of study to become a nonmedical prescriber (NMP) within the UK is rigorous, and involves a combination of taught curricula and practice-based learning. Prescribing is a complex skill that is high risk and error prone, with many influencing factors. Literature reports regarding the impact of nonmedical prescribing are sparse, with the majority of prescribing research tending to focus instead on prescribing by doctors. The impact of nonmedical prescribing however is important to evaluate, and can be carried out from several perspectives. This review takes a brief look back at the history of nonmedical prescribing, and compares this with the international situation. It also describes the processes required to qualify as a NMP in the UK, potential influences on nonmedical prescribing and the impact of nonmedical prescribing on patient opinions and outcomes and the opinions of doctors and other healthcare professionals.
KW - nonmedical prescribing
KW - training programme
KW - history
KW - impact
KW - influences
UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2042098616646726
U2 - 10.1177/2042098616646726
DO - 10.1177/2042098616646726
M3 - Article (journal)
SN - 2042-0986
VL - 7
SP - 165
EP - 172
JO - Therapeutic Advances in Drug Safety
JF - Therapeutic Advances in Drug Safety
IS - 4
ER -