TY - JOUR
T1 - Mental toughness in sport: Achievement level, gender, age, experience, and sport type differences
AU - Nicholls, A.R
AU - Polman, R.C.J.
AU - Levy, Andy
AU - Backhouse, S.H.
PY - 2009
Y1 - 2009
N2 - It was hypothesized that there would be significant differences in mental toughness among athletes of different: (a) achievement level, (b) gender, (c) age, (d) sporting experience, and (e) sport type (team vs. individual and contact vs. non-contact sports). Participants were 677 athletes and consisted of sports performers competing at international (n = 60), national (n = 99), county (n = 198), club/university (n = 289), and beginner (n = 31) levels. Results revealed a significant relationship between mental toughness and gender, age, and sporting experience. However, achievement level and the type of sport an athlete participated in was not significantly associated with mental toughness.
AB - It was hypothesized that there would be significant differences in mental toughness among athletes of different: (a) achievement level, (b) gender, (c) age, (d) sporting experience, and (e) sport type (team vs. individual and contact vs. non-contact sports). Participants were 677 athletes and consisted of sports performers competing at international (n = 60), national (n = 99), county (n = 198), club/university (n = 289), and beginner (n = 31) levels. Results revealed a significant relationship between mental toughness and gender, age, and sporting experience. However, achievement level and the type of sport an athlete participated in was not significantly associated with mental toughness.
U2 - 10.1016/j.paid.2009.02.006
DO - 10.1016/j.paid.2009.02.006
M3 - Article (journal)
VL - 47
SP - 73
EP - 75
JO - Personality and Individual Differences
JF - Personality and Individual Differences
SN - 0191-8869
IS - 1
ER -