Abstract
It was hypothesized that there would be significant differences in mental toughness among athletes of different: (a) achievement level, (b) gender, (c) age, (d) sporting experience, and (e) sport type (team vs. individual and contact vs. non-contact sports). Participants were 677 athletes and consisted of sports performers competing at international (n = 60), national (n = 99), county (n = 198), club/university (n = 289), and beginner (n = 31) levels. Results revealed a significant relationship between mental toughness and gender, age, and sporting experience. However, achievement level and the type of sport an athlete participated in was not significantly associated with mental toughness.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 73-75 |
| Journal | Personality and Individual Differences |
| Volume | 47 |
| Issue number | 1 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 2009 |
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Nicholls, A. R., Polman, R. C. J., Levy, A., & Backhouse, S. H. (2009). Mental toughness in sport: Achievement level, gender, age, experience, and sport type differences. Personality and Individual Differences, 47(1), 73-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2009.02.006