Mental toughness in sport: Achievement level, gender, age, experience, and sport type differences

A.R Nicholls; R.C.J. Polman; Andy Levy; S.H. Backhouse

doi:10.1016/j.paid.2009.02.006

Mental toughness in sport: Achievement level, gender, age, experience, and sport type differences

A.R Nicholls, R.C.J. Polman, Andy Levy, S.H. Backhouse

Psychology

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

57 Citations (Scopus)

2122 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

It was hypothesized that there would be significant differences in mental toughness among athletes of different: (a) achievement level, (b) gender, (c) age, (d) sporting experience, and (e) sport type (team vs. individual and contact vs. non-contact sports). Participants were 677 athletes and consisted of sports performers competing at international (n = 60), national (n = 99), county (n = 198), club/university (n = 289), and beginner (n = 31) levels. Results revealed a significant relationship between mental toughness and gender, age, and sporting experience. However, achievement level and the type of sport an athlete participated in was not significantly associated with mental toughness.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	73-75
Journal	Personality and Individual Differences
Volume	47
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2009.02.006
Publication status	Published - 2009

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