Evidence of multiple pyrethroid resistance mechanisms in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto from Nigeria

Agriculture & Biology

• Anopheles gambiae 86%
• pyrethrins 78%
• malaria 73%
• resistance mechanisms 73%
• Nigeria 69%
• Culicidae 49%
• pesticide resistance 39%
• synergists 18%
• pyrethroid insecticides 18%
• permethrin 17%
• vector control 16%
• insecticide resistance 16%
• point mutation 15%
• Eastern Africa 15%
• microarray technology 15%
• Western Africa 15%
• genes 14%
• glutathione transferase 13%
• esterases 13%
• bioassays 11%
• mutation 9%
• gene expression 8%
• metabolism 8%
• assays 7%

Medicine & Life Sciences

• Pyrethrins 100%
• Anopheles 92%
• Nigeria 75%
• Malaria 65%
• Culicidae 61%
• Insecticide Resistance 22%
• Permethrin 21%
• Eastern Africa 19%
• Western Africa 18%
• Genes 17%
• Esterases 17%
• Mixed Function Oxygenases 16%
• Glutathione Transferase 15%
• Biological Assay 15%
• Microarray Analysis 14%
• Point Mutation 14%
• Gene Expression 8%
• Mutation 8%
• Mortality 7%
• Population 5%

Social Sciences

• Nigeria 63%
• evidence 30%
• West Africa 11%
• East Africa 11%
• mortality 8%
• candidacy 7%