TY - GEN
T1 - Delay Compensation Amongst Aggregated Storage Assets Providing Fast Frequency Regulation
AU - Zhu, Qingwei
AU - Bolzoni, Alberto
AU - Forsyth, Andrew
AU - Todd, Rebecca
AU - Smith, Matthew
AU - Gladwin, Daniel Thomas
AU - John, Thomas
AU - Patsios, Charalampos
AU - Jones, Gwilym
AU - Rogers, Daniel J.
N1 - Funding Information:
ACKNOWLEDGMENT This work is supported by the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) under the Multi -scale ANalysis for Facilities for Energy STorage (Manifest) project [EP/N032888/1].
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 IEEE.
PY - 2020/11/29
Y1 - 2020/11/29
N2 - This paper investigates a delay compensation control for coordinating aggregated energy storage systems (ESSs) of dissimilar characteristics to provide fast frequency regulation, particularly the UK National Grid enhanced frequency response (EFR) service. The dynamic model of a generic micro-grid system comprising synchronous generator, load, and EFR-providing ESS is established. Theoretical analyses of the compensation effects are conducted using describing function techniques to model the EFR nonlinearities. The theoretical study indicates the compensation control's beneficial effects through an increase in the micro-grid system's equivalent regulating energy (the inverse of the frequency droop coefficient). The analytical results are validated by RTDS simulations of a representative micro-grid system, which is based on the measured characteristics of a real aggregated ESS fleet, including a 180kWh/240kW commercial battery ESS asset and a 1MWh/2MW battery asset located 100 miles apart. Simulations show that the frequency deviation of the micro-grid system in response to a 10% sinusoidal power imbalance at the network's natural angular frequency could be reduced by 74% through the inclusion of two BESSs providing EFR with a total capacity of 10% of the micro-grid; a further reduction of 42% can be obtained through the implementation of the proposed delay compensation method.
AB - This paper investigates a delay compensation control for coordinating aggregated energy storage systems (ESSs) of dissimilar characteristics to provide fast frequency regulation, particularly the UK National Grid enhanced frequency response (EFR) service. The dynamic model of a generic micro-grid system comprising synchronous generator, load, and EFR-providing ESS is established. Theoretical analyses of the compensation effects are conducted using describing function techniques to model the EFR nonlinearities. The theoretical study indicates the compensation control's beneficial effects through an increase in the micro-grid system's equivalent regulating energy (the inverse of the frequency droop coefficient). The analytical results are validated by RTDS simulations of a representative micro-grid system, which is based on the measured characteristics of a real aggregated ESS fleet, including a 180kWh/240kW commercial battery ESS asset and a 1MWh/2MW battery asset located 100 miles apart. Simulations show that the frequency deviation of the micro-grid system in response to a 10% sinusoidal power imbalance at the network's natural angular frequency could be reduced by 74% through the inclusion of two BESSs providing EFR with a total capacity of 10% of the micro-grid; a further reduction of 42% can be obtained through the implementation of the proposed delay compensation method.
KW - Aggregation
KW - energy storage system
KW - fast frequency regulation
KW - natural frequency
KW - response time
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U2 - 10.1109/IPEMC-ECCEAsia48364.2020.9367903
DO - 10.1109/IPEMC-ECCEAsia48364.2020.9367903
M3 - Conference proceeding (ISBN)
AN - SCOPUS:85103208376
T3 - 2020 IEEE 9th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, IPEMC 2020 ECCE Asia
SP - 1402
EP - 1408
BT - 2020 IEEE 9th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, IPEMC 2020 ECCE Asia
PB - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
T2 - 9th IEEE International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, IPEMC 2020 ECCE Asia
Y2 - 29 November 2020 through 2 December 2020
ER -