Chronic pain in children and adolescents.

Chronic pain is a widespread and significant clinical problem. It can result in major negative short- and long-term physical and emotional effects in multiple domains of children's and their families' lives as Pain Associated Disability Syndrome. Assessment of chronic pain is challenging but it is an essential clinical task. Management requires a multidimensional response focussing on the whole patient. Specialist pain management units and programmes use cognitive behavioural methods and promote adaptive coping and focus on the child re-engaging with normal activities. While chronic pain is not well understood, there is emerging evidence that young people and their parents can recover from chronic disability, dependency and distress, and return to a normal life.