TY - JOUR
T1 - Choice matters
T2 - Incipient speciation in Gyrodactylus corydori (Monogenoidea: Gyrodactylidae)
AU - Bueno-Silva, Marlus
AU - Boeger, Walter A.
AU - Pie, Marcio R.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors wish to thank the following people and institutions: Rogério T. Vianna, Raphael O. Ribeiro and Luciana Patella (Laboratório de Ecologia Molecular e Parasitologia Evolutiva, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brazil); Vinícius Abilhoa (Museu de História Natural Capão da Imbuia, Brazil); Érico A. Teodósio (Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brazil); Maurício O. Moura (Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Brazil); Marcus V. Domingues (Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil); and Guilherme Schnell-Schülli (Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Brazil) provided field and laboratory support. The Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES, Brazil) granted a scholarship to MBS. Funding for this study was awarded by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq, Brazil) (protocols 477293/2004-2 and 471165/2009-3). The Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis (IBAMA) granted the license for collection of biological material (license 087/2004).
PY - 2011/2/8
Y1 - 2011/2/8
N2 - We investigated how Gyrodactylus corydori Bueno-Silva and Boeger, 2009 exploits two sympatric host species, Corydoras paleatus (Jenyns, 1842) and Corydoras ehrhardti Steindachner, 1910. Specimens of G. corydori were collected from the Piraquara and Miringuava Rivers, State of Paraná, Brazil, between 2005 and 2006. A total of 167 parasites was measured from both host species. Nine morphometric features of the haptoral sclerites were measured and analyzed by discriminant analysis, cluster analysis and multivariate analysis of variance. A fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene (COI) (∼740. bp) and the rDNA internal transcribed spacers (ITS) (∼1200. bp) of G. corydori were sequenced. Bayesian and parsimony analyses of COI recognized two genetically structured clades of G. corydori, which corresponded closely with the two species of Corydoras. Twenty-eight haplotypes were detected (18 were exclusive to C. ehrhardti and seven were exclusive to C. paleatus). The same general pattern between parasites and host species was observed in the morphometric analyses. Nevertheless, poor correlation of genetic and morphometric variation strongly supports the plastic nature of the morphological variation of haptoral sclerites. The existence of two clades with limited gene flow would suggest that G. corydori already represents two cryptic species. However, the morphometric and molecular data showed that there is insufficient evidence to support two valid species. The low COI (0.1-6.2%) and ITS (0.09-3.5%) divergence within G. corydori suggest a recent separation of the lineages between distinct host species (less than 1 million years). As the hypothesis of secondary contact of the parasite demographic history was rejected, our results point to the possibility of sympatric incipient ongoing speciation of G. corydori to form distinct parasite lineages adapted to C. ehrhardti and C. paleatus. This may be a common event within the Gyrodactylidae, adding a yet unreported mode of adaptive speciation that helps to understand its rate of diversification.
AB - We investigated how Gyrodactylus corydori Bueno-Silva and Boeger, 2009 exploits two sympatric host species, Corydoras paleatus (Jenyns, 1842) and Corydoras ehrhardti Steindachner, 1910. Specimens of G. corydori were collected from the Piraquara and Miringuava Rivers, State of Paraná, Brazil, between 2005 and 2006. A total of 167 parasites was measured from both host species. Nine morphometric features of the haptoral sclerites were measured and analyzed by discriminant analysis, cluster analysis and multivariate analysis of variance. A fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene (COI) (∼740. bp) and the rDNA internal transcribed spacers (ITS) (∼1200. bp) of G. corydori were sequenced. Bayesian and parsimony analyses of COI recognized two genetically structured clades of G. corydori, which corresponded closely with the two species of Corydoras. Twenty-eight haplotypes were detected (18 were exclusive to C. ehrhardti and seven were exclusive to C. paleatus). The same general pattern between parasites and host species was observed in the morphometric analyses. Nevertheless, poor correlation of genetic and morphometric variation strongly supports the plastic nature of the morphological variation of haptoral sclerites. The existence of two clades with limited gene flow would suggest that G. corydori already represents two cryptic species. However, the morphometric and molecular data showed that there is insufficient evidence to support two valid species. The low COI (0.1-6.2%) and ITS (0.09-3.5%) divergence within G. corydori suggest a recent separation of the lineages between distinct host species (less than 1 million years). As the hypothesis of secondary contact of the parasite demographic history was rejected, our results point to the possibility of sympatric incipient ongoing speciation of G. corydori to form distinct parasite lineages adapted to C. ehrhardti and C. paleatus. This may be a common event within the Gyrodactylidae, adding a yet unreported mode of adaptive speciation that helps to understand its rate of diversification.
KW - Adaptation
KW - COI
KW - Disruptive selection
KW - Gyrodactylus
KW - Speciation
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U2 - 10.1016/j.ijpara.2011.01.002
DO - 10.1016/j.ijpara.2011.01.002
M3 - Article (journal)
C2 - 21310159
AN - SCOPUS:79954908967
SN - 0020-7519
VL - 41
SP - 657
EP - 667
JO - International Journal for Parasitology
JF - International Journal for Parasitology
IS - 6
ER -
