A Specialised Antenatal Music Therapy (SAMT) programme for pregnant women with mental health conditions: A mixed-methods proof-of-concept study in Ireland

Introduction
Perinatal mental health has a long-term impact on maternal and infant well-being. Non-pharmacological treatment options are needed for pregnant women and emerging evidence has shown the potential of music therapy to improve perinatal mental health and antenatal attachment. However, research is lacking on individual music therapy for pregnant women with mental health conditions and formal music therapy services are currently absent within perinatal mental health care in Ireland. This mixed-methods, proof-of-concept study aimed to assess the feasibility and preliminary evidence on the effectiveness of a specialised antenatal music therapy (SAMT) programme for pregnant women attending the Specialist Perinatal Mental Health Service (SPMHS).

Method
Pregnant women between 25 and 33 weeks gestation with various mental health conditions were recruited through the SPMHS to receive six in-person or online sessions of SAMT. Feasibility outcomes included retention, adherence, and fidelity.\ Assessment of participants’ wellbeing, anxiety, and antenatal attachment were conducted before and after SAMT and each session. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and analysed using thematic analysis.

Results
Twelve pregnant women were included and nine completed SAMT and assessments, demonstrating a 75% retention rate. High levels of adherence and fidelity were reported. Significant improvements were observed in participants’ wellbeing, anxiety levels, and antenatal attachment. Qualitative findings highlighted the therapeutic benefits, the accessibility and challenges of the online setting, distinctive therapeutic experiences, and participants’ recommendations.

Discussion
The findings suggest implementing SAMT within the Irish SPMHS is feasible and beneficial. The study offers insights into the therapeutic mechanisms of SAMT and supports the progression to a larger trial.