A high-precision age estimate of the Holocene Plinian eruption of Mount Mazama, Oregon, USA

Joanne Egan; Richard Staff; Jeff. J. Blackford

doi:DOI: 10.1177/0959683615576230

A high-precision age estimate of the Holocene Plinian eruption of Mount Mazama, Oregon, USA

Joanne Egan, Richard Staff, Jeff. J. Blackford

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article (journal) › peer-review

80 Citations (Scopus)

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Abstract

The climactic eruption of Mount Mazama in Oregon, North America, resulted in the deposition of the most widespread Holocene tephra deposit in the conterminous United States and south-western Canada. The tephra forms an isochronous marker horizon for palaeoenvironmental, sedimentary and archaeological reconstructions, despite the current lack of a precise age estimate for the source eruption. Previous radiocarbon age estimates for the eruption have varied, and Greenland ice-core ages are in disagreement. For the Mazama tephra to be fully utilised in tephrochronology and palaeoenvironmental research, a refined (precise and accurate) age for the eruption is required. Here, we apply a meta-analysis of all previously published radiocarbon age estimations (n = 81), and perform Bayesian statistical modelling to this data set, to provide a refined age of 7682–7584 cal. yr BP (95.4% probability range). Although the depositional histories of the published ages vary, this estimate is consistent with that estimated from the GISP2 ice-core of 7627 ± 150 yr BP (Zdanowicz et al., 1999).

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1054-1067
Journal	The Holocene
Volume	25
Issue number	7
Early online date	25 Mar 2015
DOIs	https://doi.org/DOI: 10.1177/0959683615576230
Publication status	Published - 1 Jul 2015

Keywords

Mazama tephra
Holocene
radiocarbon dating
tephrochronology
Bayesian statistics
geochronology.

Access to Document

DOI: 10.1177/0959683615576230

ACCEPTED Egan-et-al-2015 EHU.docAccepted author manuscript, 2.43 MBLicence: CC BY-NC-ND

http://hol.sagepub.com/content/25/7/1054

Dr JOANNE EGAN
- History, Geography & Social Sciences - Senior Lecturer in Physical Geography
Person: Academic

Cite this

@article{7a2269fbc749497d8b42ebb2d58e9f75,

title = "A high-precision age estimate of the Holocene Plinian eruption of Mount Mazama, Oregon, USA",

abstract = "The climactic eruption of Mount Mazama in Oregon, North America, resulted in the deposition of the most widespread Holocene tephra deposit in the conterminous United States and south-western Canada. The tephra forms an isochronous marker horizon for palaeoenvironmental, sedimentary and archaeological reconstructions, despite the current lack of a precise age estimate for the source eruption. Previous radiocarbon age estimates for the eruption have varied, and Greenland ice-core ages are in disagreement. For the Mazama tephra to be fully utilised in tephrochronology and palaeoenvironmental research, a refined (precise and accurate) age for the eruption is required. Here, we apply a meta-analysis of all previously published radiocarbon age estimations (n = 81), and perform Bayesian statistical modelling to this data set, to provide a refined age of 7682–7584 cal. yr BP (95.4% probability range). Although the depositional histories of the published ages vary, this estimate is consistent with that estimated from the GISP2 ice-core of 7627 ± 150 yr BP (Zdanowicz et al., 1999).",

keywords = "Mazama tephra, Holocene, radiocarbon dating, tephrochronology, Bayesian statistics, geochronology.",

author = "Joanne Egan and Richard Staff and Blackford, {Jeff. J.}",

note = "Abella S (1988) The Effect of the Mt. Mazama Ashfall on the Planktonic Diatom Community of Lake Washington. Limnology and oceanography, 33(6, part 1) pp. 1376–1385. Alberti G (2013) A Bayesian 14C chronology of Early and Middle Bronze Age in Sicily. Towards an independent absolute dating. Journal of Archaeological Science, 40(5) pp. 2502–2514. Alloway BV, Larsen G, Lowe DJ, Shane PAR and Westgate JA (2007) Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science. Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science. Elsevier, pp. 2869–2898. Alloway BV, Lowe DJ, Larsen G, Shane PAR and Westgate JA (2013) Tephrochronology. In Elias SA and Mock CJ (eds) The Encyclopaedia of Quaternary Science vol. 4. 2nd ed, Amsterdam: Elsevier, pp. 277–304. Arnold JR and Libby WF (1951) Radiocarbon Dates. Science, 113(2927) pp. 111–20. Bacon CR (1983) Eruptive history of Mount Mazama and Crater Lake Caldera, Cascade Range, U.S.A. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 18(1-4) pp. 57–115. Bacon CR and Lanphere MA (2006) Eruptive history and geochronology of Mount Mazama and the Crater Lake region, Oregon. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 118(11-12) pp. 1331–1359. Barber K, Langdon P and Blundell A (2008) Dating the Glen Garry tephra: a widespread late-Holocene marker horizon in the peatlands of northern Britain. The Holocene, 18(1) pp. 31–43. Barnosky CW (1981) A record of late Quaternary vegetation from Davis Lake, southern Puget Lowland, Washington. Quaternary Research, 16(2) pp. 221–239. Bayes FR (1763) An essay towards solving a problem in the Doctrine chances, By the Late Rev. Mr. Bayes, F.R.S. Communicated by Mr. Price, in a letter to John Canton, A.M.F.R.S. Philosophical Transactions, 53 pp. 370–418. Bayliss A (2009) Rolling Out Revolution: Using Radiocarbon Dating in Archaeology. Radiocarbon, 51(1) pp. 123–147. 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TY - JOUR

T1 - A high-precision age estimate of the Holocene Plinian eruption of Mount Mazama, Oregon, USA

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AU - Staff, Richard

AU - Blackford, Jeff. J.

N1 - Abella S (1988) The Effect of the Mt. Mazama Ashfall on the Planktonic Diatom Community of Lake Washington. Limnology and oceanography, 33(6, part 1) pp. 1376–1385. Alberti G (2013) A Bayesian 14C chronology of Early and Middle Bronze Age in Sicily. Towards an independent absolute dating. Journal of Archaeological Science, 40(5) pp. 2502–2514. Alloway BV, Larsen G, Lowe DJ, Shane PAR and Westgate JA (2007) Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science. Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science. Elsevier, pp. 2869–2898. Alloway BV, Lowe DJ, Larsen G, Shane PAR and Westgate JA (2013) Tephrochronology. In Elias SA and Mock CJ (eds) The Encyclopaedia of Quaternary Science vol. 4. 2nd ed, Amsterdam: Elsevier, pp. 277–304. Arnold JR and Libby WF (1951) Radiocarbon Dates. Science, 113(2927) pp. 111–20. Bacon CR (1983) Eruptive history of Mount Mazama and Crater Lake Caldera, Cascade Range, U.S.A. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 18(1-4) pp. 57–115. Bacon CR and Lanphere MA (2006) Eruptive history and geochronology of Mount Mazama and the Crater Lake region, Oregon. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 118(11-12) pp. 1331–1359. Barber K, Langdon P and Blundell A (2008) Dating the Glen Garry tephra: a widespread late-Holocene marker horizon in the peatlands of northern Britain. The Holocene, 18(1) pp. 31–43. Barnosky CW (1981) A record of late Quaternary vegetation from Davis Lake, southern Puget Lowland, Washington. Quaternary Research, 16(2) pp. 221–239. Bayes FR (1763) An essay towards solving a problem in the Doctrine chances, By the Late Rev. Mr. Bayes, F.R.S. Communicated by Mr. Price, in a letter to John Canton, A.M.F.R.S. Philosophical Transactions, 53 pp. 370–418. Bayliss A (2009) Rolling Out Revolution: Using Radiocarbon Dating in Archaeology. Radiocarbon, 51(1) pp. 123–147. 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PY - 2015/7/1

Y1 - 2015/7/1

N2 - The climactic eruption of Mount Mazama in Oregon, North America, resulted in the deposition of the most widespread Holocene tephra deposit in the conterminous United States and south-western Canada. The tephra forms an isochronous marker horizon for palaeoenvironmental, sedimentary and archaeological reconstructions, despite the current lack of a precise age estimate for the source eruption. Previous radiocarbon age estimates for the eruption have varied, and Greenland ice-core ages are in disagreement. For the Mazama tephra to be fully utilised in tephrochronology and palaeoenvironmental research, a refined (precise and accurate) age for the eruption is required. Here, we apply a meta-analysis of all previously published radiocarbon age estimations (n = 81), and perform Bayesian statistical modelling to this data set, to provide a refined age of 7682–7584 cal. yr BP (95.4% probability range). Although the depositional histories of the published ages vary, this estimate is consistent with that estimated from the GISP2 ice-core of 7627 ± 150 yr BP (Zdanowicz et al., 1999).

AB - The climactic eruption of Mount Mazama in Oregon, North America, resulted in the deposition of the most widespread Holocene tephra deposit in the conterminous United States and south-western Canada. The tephra forms an isochronous marker horizon for palaeoenvironmental, sedimentary and archaeological reconstructions, despite the current lack of a precise age estimate for the source eruption. Previous radiocarbon age estimates for the eruption have varied, and Greenland ice-core ages are in disagreement. For the Mazama tephra to be fully utilised in tephrochronology and palaeoenvironmental research, a refined (precise and accurate) age for the eruption is required. Here, we apply a meta-analysis of all previously published radiocarbon age estimations (n = 81), and perform Bayesian statistical modelling to this data set, to provide a refined age of 7682–7584 cal. yr BP (95.4% probability range). Although the depositional histories of the published ages vary, this estimate is consistent with that estimated from the GISP2 ice-core of 7627 ± 150 yr BP (Zdanowicz et al., 1999).

KW - Mazama tephra

KW - Holocene

KW - radiocarbon dating

KW - tephrochronology

KW - Bayesian statistics

KW - geochronology.

U2 - DOI: 10.1177/0959683615576230

DO - DOI: 10.1177/0959683615576230

M3 - Article (journal)

SN - 1477-0911

VL - 25

SP - 1054

EP - 1067

JO - The Holocene

JF - The Holocene

IS - 7

ER -

A high-precision age estimate of the Holocene Plinian eruption of Mount Mazama, Oregon, USA

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